Mac OS 下安装Python并配置环境变量 1、下载Python. 访问Python官方网站 https://www.python.org/. There is a known issue with version 3.7 of Anaconda Python and certain versions of the Mac OSX operating system. We strongly recommend that you use python 3.6 on OSX to avoid any problems. To install python 3.6, please follow the steps below: To get started you need to download the OSX miniconda installer.
Historically MacOS came preinstalled with Python 2, however starting with Mac 10.15 (released in October 2019) this is no longer the case. And since Python 2 will no longer be officially supported as of January 1, 2020, you should really use Python 3 instead.
- Mac OS X comes with Python 2.7 out of the box. You do not need to install or configure anything else to use Python 2. These instructions document the installation of Python 3. The version of Python that ships with OS X is great for learning, but it's not good for development.
- Python 2 is bundled with Mac OS X. However, Python 3 is not. We recommend that you download and install Python 3, and use Python 3 exclusively when running programs associated with this booksite. Perform these steps to download and install Python, IDLE, Tkinter, NumPy, and PyGame.
- Looking for Python with a different OS? Python for Windows, Linux/UNIX, Mac OS X, Other. Want to help test development versions of Python? Prereleases, Docker images. Looking for Python.
There are multiple ways to install Python 3 on a MacOS computer. The official Python website even recommends downloading it directly, however this approach can cause confusion around PATH variables, updates, and uninstalls. A better approach, in my opinion, is to instead use the popular package manager Homebrew which automates updates and juggling multiple versions of Python on a computer.
Is Python 3 already installed?
Before we start, make sure Python 3 isn't already installed on your computer. Open up the command line via the Terminal application which is located at Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal.
Then type the command python --version followed by the Enter key to see the currently installed version of Python.
Note: The dollar sign, ($), indicates user input. Everything after is intended to be typed by the user followed by the Enter key. Any output, such as Python 2.7.17 in this case, does not have a dollar sign in front.In short: don't type $ before your commands!
It's possible that Python 3 may have already been installed as python3. Run the command python3 --version to check, however most likely this will throw an error.
Install XCode
The first step for Python 3 is to install Apple's Xcode program which is necessary for iOS development as well as most programming tasks. Spaceship operating system mac os. We will use XCode to install Homebrew.
In your Terminal app, run the following command to install XCode and its command-line tools:
It is a large program so this make take a while to download. Make sure to click through all the confirmation prompts XCode requires.
Install Homebrew
Next install Homebrew by copy/pasting the following command into Terminal and then type Enter:
To confirm Homebrew installed correctly, run this command:
Install Python 3
Now we can install the latest version of Python 3. Type the following command into Terminal and press Enter:
To confirm which version of Python 3 was installed, run the following command in Terminal:
Finally, to run our new version of Python 3 open an interactive shall by typing python3 within Terminal:
To exit the Python 3 interactive shell, you can type either exit() and then Return or type Control+d which means hold both the Control and D keys at the same time.
Note that it is still possible to run Python 2 by simply typing python:
Virtual Environments
By default, Python packages are installed globally on your computer in a single directory. This can cause major problems when working on multiple Python projects!
For example, imagine you have Project A that relies upon Django 1.11 whereas Project B uses Django 2.2. If you naively installed Django on your computer, only the latest install would be present and available in that single directory. Then consider that most Python projects rely on multiple packages that each have their own version numbers. There's simply no way to keep everything straight and not inadvertently break things with the wrong package versions.
The solution is to use a virtual environment for each project, an isolated directory, rather than installing Python packages globally.
Confusingly, there are multiple tools for virtual environments in Python:
- venv is available by default on Python 3.3+
- virtualenv must be installed separately but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+
- Pipenv is a higher-level tool that automatically manages a separate virtual environment for each project
On MacOS we can install Pipenv with Homebrew.
Then use Pipenv for any Python packages you wish to install. For example, if you want to work with Django 2.2.6, first create a dedicated directory for it on your computer such as in a django directory on your Desktop.
Then install Django within that directory.
If you look within the directory there are now two new files, Pipfile and Pipfile.lock, which Pipenv uses. To activate the virtual environment type pipenv shell.
There will now be parentheses around the name of your current directory which indicates the virtual environment is activate. To exit the virtual environment, type exit.
The lack of parentheses confirms the virtual environment is no longer active.
Next Steps
To learn more about Python, the books Python Crash Course and Automate the Boring Stuff are great resources. For free tutorials on web development with Python check out Learn Django.
Install Miniconda Python¶
There is a known issue with version 3.7 of Anaconda Python and certain versions of the Mac OSX operating system. We strongly recommend that you use python 3.6 on OSX to avoid any problems. To install python 3.6, please follow the steps below:
To get started you need to download the OSX miniconda installer.
Click on the link https: https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-4.5.4-MacOSX-x86_64.sh to download the Python 3.6 installer.
Wait for it to download. It will place a file called Miniconda3-4.5.4-MacOSX-x86_64.sh in your downloads folder. On my computer using Safari this is ~/Downloads Lightshields mac os.
Open a Terminal window. If you don't know how to do this click * Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal*
Within the Terminal change directories into the folder where your downloaded file lives, i.e.
Now run the bash 'shell' program to install Miniconda
Scroll through the license (press the space bar to move through quickly), type ‘yes' to approve the terms, and then accept all the installation defaults.
Close the Terminal program. Then, restart it.
Within the Terminal type:
Enter y at the Proceed prompt.
When the installation completes, close the Terminal window.
Install Python On Mac Os
Install Spyder IDE and Connect It to Miniconda Python¶
The second half of the installation is the Spyder IDE development environment. This is the software that you use to write, edit and test your Python programs. Spyder IDE calls Python to actually run the program. Spyder is included by default in the Anaconda Python distribution, which comes with everything you need to get started in an all-in-one package.
Update Python On Mac
However, with Miniconda, we have to download and install Spyder IDE.
Go to the Terminal window.
Type the following command:
This will take some time to download.
When the following prompt appears:
Type y, and hit enter.
Once the download is finished, type the following command to know the location of Spyder:
It is usually installed in the bin folder within miniconda3
To start Spyder, go to a terminal window and enter
Detecting 64-bits versus 32-bits Mac OS X Systems¶
Phytonaut Mac Os 11
You are running 64-bit Mac OS X.
Phytonaut Mac Os Catalina
Technically, all Apple computers purchased since Q4 2006 have been equipped with 64-bit capable processors. The Mac OS X operating system has supported 64-bit by default since OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, released in 2009. The upgrade to the latest operating system for your computer is available for free, directly from Apple, since the release of OS X 10.9 Mavericks in 2013.
